Overall, 77% (86/112) of cases developed clinically suspected wound infections and 54% (61/112) required surgery secondary to tissue necrosis, finger or toe gangrene, and/or necrotizing fasciitis. atra) bite, otherwise prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended in snakebite unless tissue necrosis is present.Ī total of 112 cases of Naja atra envenomation were examined at two referring hospitals: Taichung Veterans General Hospital in central Taiwan and Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VGH-TP) in northern Taiwan. Prophylactic antibiotics may be considered in selected cases of Chinese cobra (N.
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In the presence of wound infection from snakebite injury in Hong Kong, first line empirical antibiotics include amoxicillin/clavulanic acid plus levofloxacin. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was an appropriate choice to cover Enterococcus faecalis and anaerobes. Many gram negative bacteria in the study were not sensitive to cefuroxime axetil. In the present study, all gram negative bacteria associated with wound infection were sensitive to levofloxacin, netilmicin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Of the venomous snakes, the Chinese cobra (Naja atra) harboured the largest number of bacterial species. With the exception of the white-lipped pit viper (Cryptelytrops albolabris), venomous snakes harboured more pathogenic bacteria and total bacteria species compared to the non-medically important species. 406 bacterial isolates of 72 different species were cultured: these included gram negative and positive bacterial species and also anaerobic bacterial species. Swabs were sent for microbiological studies of bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity.Ĥ7 venomous snakes of the families Colubridae, Elapidae and Viperidae and 53 non-medically important snakes were captured. The snakes were released back to the wild immediately after the above procedure.
Mouth swabs were taken by the veterinarian using strict aseptic techniques. Snake species were identified by experienced herpetologists. Healthy native snakes were captured and kept in a designated centre. To determine the pattern of oral bacterial flora and their sensitivity to antibiotics in freshly captured native snakes in Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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